Dental treatment in cats
Dental diseases in cats is essential regardless of the age of the cat. Research indicates that approximately 75% of cats over 2 years of age experience some form of dental disease and in cats over 5 years of age it is believed that almost all have dental problems. Spotting signs of dental problems can be challenging as most cats do not show symptoms but some indications may include bad breath, changes in behavior and eating patterns such as munching when eating, head shaking, excessive water intake or changes in coat grooming.
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Plaque and tartar in cats
Just like in humans, cat teeth develop a coating of plaque that over time can mineralize and form tartar in cats. Tartar is full of bacteria and is often the cause of gingivitis.
It is possible to prevent plaque development at home by brushing the cat's teeth and giving mainly dry food. Specially formulated “dental food” can also help. Brushing your cat’s teeth is an important part of daily grooming. Most cats can learn to accept brushing provided it is done gently with good rewards. The use of cat toothpaste, which is often palatable to cats, is recommended. Avoid regular human toothpaste as it contains fluoride which is toxic to cats.
Tartar that has already formed must be professionally removed using ultrasound. At A-Vet, we perform thorough oral examinations when you book an appointment for dental cleaning. A complete examination requires anesthesia as it allows for thorough examinations of the mouth and teeth without discomfort to the animal. We monitor our patients closely during anesthesia and monitor blood pressure, heart rate, temperature and breathing, among other things.
What happens when you bring your cat to us for a dental examination?
Upon arrival, one of our veterinarians or animal caretakers will review important information about your cat, such as medical history, regular medications, and allergies. A general health check will then be performed, including assessment of the mucous membranes, heart, and pulse. If all is well, the cat will be taken for further treatment.
During a dental check-up under general anesthesia, we examine the entire mouth, measure pockets in the gums, assess the mucous membranes, dental crowns and take x-rays of all teeth. Dental x-rays are essential for detecting damage or disease inside the teeth or under the gums and jawbone. The teeth are thoroughly cleaned using an ultrasonic scaler and hand instruments before being polished to ensure a smooth and even surface.
All findings are documented in a dental record and if further treatment is needed, this is discussed with the owner, including a plan and price estimate.
Common dental diseases in cats
Gingivitis
Tartar in cats can irritate the gums and cause inflammation characterized by redness, swelling and bleeding. Bad breath can also indicate gingivitis in cats, as such inflammation often involves a lot of bacteria. These bacteria can spread to internal organs and joints. Therefore, it is important that the patient receives proper treatment and follow-up in case of gingivitis.
Periodontitis/pyrea
Periodontitis is an inflammatory reaction in the tissue around the tooth. The periodontium is the structures that hold the teeth in place, i.e. the gums, the ligament that attaches the tooth to the jawbone and the jawbone itself in which the tooth is located. Periodontitis attacks these structures that hold the tooth in place and when the disease progresses, the tooth will eventually become loose. Risk factors for developing periodontitis are a lot of tartar, a narrow and cramped jaw (small dog breeds are especially susceptible), malocclusion, trauma, etc.
Different stages
The disease is divided into different stages and each stage will require different treatment. It is not possible to stop the disease, but you can slow down its development with the help of regular dental cleanings and preventive tooth brushing at home. In the early stages of the disease, this is often sufficient, while in more advanced disease where much of the jawbone is gone, the tooth must be surgically removed/extracted.
Periodontitis can be uncomfortable and painful without the cat showing any signs of anything being wrong. The teeth will also be more prone to breaking, causing dental abscesses or forming fistulas in the nasal cavity.
Tooth resorption
Tooth resorption, formerly known as FORL (abbreviated TR), is a common dental condition in cats where the teeth gradually break down. The cause of this condition is not fully known, but we do know that it causes pain to the cat. Approximately 30–60% of Norwegian cats are diagnosed with this condition.
The changes start at the root of the tooth, well below the gum line. Early diagnosis is usually made with the help of dental X-rays. In later stages of the disease, changes can also be observed on the part of the tooth that is visible above the gum line.
Treatment for tooth resorption often involves removing the affected teeth to relieve pain associated with the condition. In some cases where the root is ossified, the visible portion of the tooth may be removed instead. A cat diagnosed with tooth resorption should receive regular follow-up with thorough brushing and frequent dental check-ups with x-rays to prevent or detect new cases.
